When you make the request to http://localhost:5000 a lot happens in a short time. Lots of different technologies come into play. The following are some of the steps taken and the technologies used.
The request and response process and URIs are all part of the HTTP protocol, which you can read more about in the In Depth section at the end of the workshop materials. Web frameworks help in reducing the complexity of the particulars with HTTP so that developers can focus on solving problems for their users rather than low level concerns like HTTP.
Do you have questions about this client server architecture or the request/response cycle? What other questions do you have so far?